Blend modes
  • 26 Dec 2023
  • 2 Minutes to read
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Blend modes

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Article summary

Blend modes (or Mixing modes) in digital image editing and computer graphics are used to determine how two layers are blended with each other. The default blend mode in most applications is to obscure the lower layer by covering it with whatever is present in the top layer; because each pixel has numerical values, there are many other ways to blend two layers.

The following blend modes are supported: 

  • Normal - colors are applied without any modifications
  • Multiply - Multiply blend mode takes the RGB channel values from 0 to 1 of each pixel in the top layer and multiples them with the values for the corresponding pixel from the bottom layer. Wherever either layer was brighter than black, the composite is darker; since each value is less than 1, their product will be less than each initial value greater than zero.
  • Screen - With Screen blend mode, the values of the pixels in the two layers are inverted, multiplied, and then inverted again. The result is the opposite of Multiply: the composite is brighter, wherever either layer is darker than white.
  • Overlay - Overlay combines Multiply and Screen blend modes.[3] The parts of the top layer where the base layer is light become lighter, the parts where the base layer is dark become darker. Areas where the top layer is mid-grey are unaffected. An overlay with the same picture looks like an S-curve.
  • Darken - Darken creates a pixel that retains the smallest components of the foreground and background pixels.
  • Lighten - The opposite of Darken
  • Color Dodge - The Color dodge mode lightens the colors of the base layers and reduces the contrast. This results in saturated mid-tones.
  • Difference - The Difference Blending Mode uses the difference of the base and blend pixels as the resulting blend. White inverts the colors of the base layer.
  • Subtract - The Subtract Blending Mode subtracts pixel values from the base layer. This Blending Mode drastically darkens pixels by subtracting brightness.
  • Add - This blend mode simply adds pixel values of one layer with the other.
  • RgbStraigt - This blend mode will retain RGB values independent of the transparency (Alpha channel). In other blend modes, the RGB values of the layer will be the result of multiplying RGB with Alpha, but in blend mode RgbStraght the RGB values are kept as-is. This feature is sometimes called Unmultiply and can be useful in Chroma Key setups. RgbStraight is demonstrated in the Composer Multi-Camera and Multi-Branding Demo, which can be found in Guides and demo projects.
  • Hue - The Hue blend mode preserves the luminance and saturation of the underlying layers while applying the hue of the top layer.
  • Saturation -The Saturation blend mode preserves the luma and hue of the bottom layer, while adopting the chroma of the top layer.
  • Color -The Color blend mode preserves the luma of the bottom layer, while adopting the hue and chroma of the top layer.
  • Luminance - The Luminosity blend mode preserves the hue and chroma of the bottom layer, while adopting the luma of the top layer.

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